Vol. 11, Issue 3 (2025)

Orthobiologics represents a rapidly evolving field within orthopaedics, offering innovative, minimally invasive treatments for various musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative conditions. These therapies utilize naturally occurring biological substances derived from the patient (autologous) or donors (allogenic) to stimulate healing, reduce pain, and restore function in bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Orthobiologics can be cellular (e.g., stem cells and bone marrow aspirate) or acellular (e.g., platelet-rich plasma and growth factors) and are administered via injection or as adjuncts during surgical procedures. They work by harnessing the body's innate healing mechanisms, containing growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules that modulate inflammation, promote cell recruitment and differentiation, stimulate tissue regeneration, and support matrix synthesis. The clinical applications of orthobiologics include chronic joint pain and early osteoarthritis, tendon and ligament injuries, cartilage repair, bone healing and nonunion, and surgical adjuncts. Advantages of orthobiologics include minimal invasiveness, lower risk compared to surgery, potential for faster recovery, and the ability to treat patients unsuitable for surgical intervention. However, limitations remain, such as variable patient response, lack of universal standardization for product preparation, and need for more high-quality evidence from large randomized trials. Future research should aim to optimize orthobiologic formulations, refine delivery techniques, and identify patient populations that are most likely to benefit. As evidence grows and technologies advance, orthobiologics are poised to become integral to orthopaedic practice, providing alternatives to traditional surgery and supporting the body's natural healing potential.