Vol. 6, Issue 3 (2020)

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common pediatric orthopedic condition that leads to hip instability or dislocation if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications such as early osteoarthritis. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes for DDH in children at Madha Medical College, Chennai.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted over one year (June 2019 to May 2020) at Madha Medical College, Chennai, involving 75 children aged 0 to 5 years. Clinical examination using the Ortolani and Barlow tests, along with ultrasonography and X-rays, were employed to diagnose DDH. Risk factors such as breech presentation, family history, and firstborn status were recorded. Treatment strategies included conservative management with the Pavlik harness and surgical interventions in more severe cases.

Results: The study found that 58% of children with DDH were female. Breech presentation was the most common risk factor, observed in 38% of cases. A majority of children (60%) were diagnosed under the age of 2 years, with 65% of cases classified as mild dysplasia. Conservative treatment with the Pavlik harness was effective in 70% of cases, and 80% of children achieved successful outcomes without complications.

Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of early detection and management of DDH. The Pavlik harness was an effective treatment method, and early intervention led to favorable outcomes in most children. The study underscores the need for continued efforts in screening and early treatment to prevent long-term complications in DDH cases.