Vol. 11, Issue 4 (2025)

False aneurysm of the posterior circumflex femoral artery is a rare and serious vascular complication. We report a rare case of false aneurysm of the posterior circumflex artery complicating a septic dislocation of a total hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis was confirmed by arteriography three months post-operatively in the presence of episodes of moderate haemorrhage against a background of anterior dislocation of an infected total hip arthroplasty. The predisposing factors found in the literature were: infection, repeated contact between the implants and the arterial wall, excessive medialisation of the acetabulum during drilling, and the effect of retractors. Treatment consisted of arterial embolisation of the internal branches of the hypogastric and circumflex arteries after a failed attempt at surgical repair via the anterior approach. The aim of this study was to present the value of interventional radiography in the rapid management of this serious complication.